美國國家隊換頭頭

發佈時間: 2019/05/30

美國國家隊換頭頭

大家都知中國有國家隊,但大家就很少知美國也有國家隊。美國人稱之為Plunge Protection Team,大家可奇怪為甚麼美國股市每次跌完都升,就是因為美國國家隊在發功,在今年6月1日,美國國家隊頭頭Potter及其副手Dzina齊齊請辭,會有甚麼後果?

2017年12月,筆者有文談及「血腥情人節」,講的就是,當時市場大多以為將於2018年2月14日情人節,新上任的美儲局主席鮑威爾,會蕭規曹隨,鴿。但筆者認為鮑威爾是鷹,只要翻查2016年時鮑威爾為美儲局成員時,在議息會上的發言,便知其鷹性。因此,當披着鴿毛的鷹展翅時,市場為糾正之前的錯誤預期,便會血腥下跌。

不過市場等不到2018年2月14日情人節,於2018年2月8日便跌了,下跌原因不是鮑威爾展了鷹翅,而是當時的炒家利息,上升了幾十點子,炒家資金成本一旦措手不及地升,炒家只好斬倉,才致2018年2月8日的急跌。

筆者預期的「血腥情人節」,要遲到2018年的9月才應驗,當時市場認識到鮑威爾的鷹性,致美股急跌,跌到特朗普要於11月1日致電習近平,要貿談。至2019年1月,鮑威爾因太過鷹,令市場再現危機,才急轉鴿。

西方一直認為,只要制度好,世界就會好。但上述事件說明,人,才是關鍵因素,主管者的歷史包袱、主管者對時局的洞悉、主管者對市場心理及反應的拿捏,都可以令一個好制度的好,發揮不出來,因為金融市場不是電燈開關一按便亮,一按便熄。

Potter往績亮麗

鮑威爾接替耶倫,政策便變,如今美國國家隊頭頭將要換人,政策會否變?手法高低又是否有所不同?不知,要等6月1日後,有次大跌市後才會被考驗。在這考驗出現前,大家不妨看看Potter有甚麼功績。

Potter是於2012年中到任美儲局,他之前在家量化炒股公司DE Shaw做董事,以賊捉賊,要穩定市場就要沽VIX期貨,附圖可見到他的功力,一上任就把市場的欲圖沽空壞蛋打瓜。而之後VIX就一直被壓在不超生的水平,沽空友少了個可以作對沖的工具,便不敢貿然沽空。在2012年10月22至24日的美儲局會議紀錄中,承認了這次沽VIX的操作,原件英文出︰

「When it is time for us to sell, or even to stop buying, the response could be quite strong;there is every reason to expect a strong response. So there are a couple of ways to look at it. It is about $1.2 trillion in sales;you take 60 months, you get about $20 billion a month. That is a very doable thing, it sounds like, in a market where the norm by the middle of next year is $80 billion a month. Another way to look at it, though, is that it's not so much the sale, the duration;it's also unloading our short volatility position.」

後果如何?

「I think we are actually at a point of encouraging risk-taking, and that should give us pause. Investors really do understand now that we will be there to prevent serious losses. It is not that it is easy for them to make money but that they have every incentive to take more risk, and they are doing so. Meanwhile, we look like we are blowing a fixed-income duration bubble right across the credit spectrum that will result in big losses when rates come up down the road. You can almost say that that is our strategy.」

今時美國的國家隊換人了,新的Plunge Protection Team會用甚麼策略去拯救市場?

今年6月1日,是Potter與其副手Dzina齊齊辭職之日,由於請辭日期短,不能即時找到接任者,會暫由紐約儲局的第一副總裁及首席執行官Michael Strine署任。

接任者要有甚麼技能,初步看應是要知道怎沽VIX、買ETF、狙擊高頻交易者的止蝕盤及位、能有效逐級逼升市場,以及組織公司的股份回購(Share Buyback)。

1/6後或現危機

Potter離任,美儲局當然要發感謝文,看看儲局怎感謝他,就知他的貢獻︰

「Becoming head of the Markets Group in June 2012. In this role, he oversaw the implementation of domestic open market and foreign exchange trading operations on behalf of the Federal Open Market Committee(FOMC), the execution of fiscal agent support for the U.S. Treasury, the provision of account services to foreign and international monetary authorities, and the administration and production of reference interest rates for the U.S. money markets. Mr. Potter has played a prominent role in the Federal Reserve's financial stability efforts, including by contributing to the design of the 2009 U.S. bank stress tests, as a member of the international Macroeconomic Assessment Group that supported the Basel Committee's work to strengthen bank capital standards and, most recently, as Chair of the Global Foreign Exchange Committee.」

股、債、息、滙都有貢獻,找個接班怕不易了,如6月1日便美股失火,會怎樣彈回來呢?港距美雖遠,但金融市場是天涯若比鄰,小心。

撰文: 石鏡泉 經濟日報副社長兼研究部主管、電台財經節目主持人
欄名: 政•經•頑石不低頭